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| 中国小麦区域氮磷钾肥推荐用量及肥料配方研究 |
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吴良泉1,2, 武良2, 崔振岭2, 陈新平2,3, 张福锁1,2
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1.福建农林大学 国际镁营养研究所, 福州 350002;2.中国农业大学 资源环境与粮食安全研究中心, 北京 100193;3.西南大学 资源环境学院, 重庆 402260
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| 摘要: |
| 为研究中国小麦不同区域氮磷钾肥优化用量及肥料配方，引导区域科学施肥并为肥料产品优化提供依据。在总结分析了2005-2010年在中国小麦主产区进行的各1 575、4 232和3 924组的氮、磷和钾肥肥效试验，并在参考有关文献资料的基础上，将中国小麦主产区分为7个施肥亚区，并对这些区域的氮磷钾肥优化用量及肥料配方进行研究。结果表明：Ⅲ华北冬麦区的产量水平较高6.8~7.5 t/hm2，Ⅱ-2西北灌溉冬麦区和Ⅳ长江中下游冬麦区次之6.0 t/hm2，其他区域较低5.3 t/hm2；7个小麦施肥亚区的氮肥推荐用量平均为N 169 kg/hm2，Ⅰ以东北春麦区最低N 106 kg/hm2，Ⅲ-1华北灌溉冬麦区最高N 184 kg/hm2；磷肥推荐用量平均为P2O5 77 kg/hm2，以Ⅴ西南麦区最低P2O5 55 kg/hm2，Ⅲ-1华北灌溉冬麦区最高P2O5 88 kg/hm2；钾肥推荐用量平均为K2O 50 kg/hm2，以Ⅱ-1西北雨养旱作冬麦区最低K2O 36 kg/hm2，Ⅲ-2华北雨养冬麦区最高K2O 59 kg/hm2。根据上述不同生态区域的氮磷钾养分推荐用量及气候、栽培和土壤条件的差异，有针对性的为中国小麦7个施肥亚区确定了9个区域肥料配方，包括7个基追结合施肥方式下的配方和2个一次性施肥配方。 |
| 关键词: 小麦 大区域 施肥亚区 推荐用量 肥料配方 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2019.11.04 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0200400，2016YFD0200401）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201103003，201203013） |
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| Optimal regional nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium rates recommendations and special fertilizer formulae study for wheat in China |
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WU Liangquan1,2, WU Liang2, CUI Zhenling2, CHEN Xinping2,3, ZHANG Fusuo1,2
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1.International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;2.Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;3.College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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| Abstract: |
| The aims of this study were to investigate the nitrogen,phosphorces,potassium rates and fertilizer formulates and provide references for optimal and scientific feritilization in diffirent wheat production regions.Unreasonable formulae and application of fertilizer has been the main factors to limit wheat production.This study first summarized and analyzed a total of 1 575,4 232 and 3 924 on-farm experiments with various rates of nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P) and potassium (K),and then conducted during 2005-2010 across major agro-ecological regions of wheat production in China.Based on the data and literature analysis,China wheat production area were divided into 7 sub-regions of fertilization.The optimal rates of N,P and K were then estimated and formulated optimized compound fertilizer in each sub-region.The results showed that:Wheat yield was highest in the North China Plain (Ⅲ),6.8-7.5 t/hm2,followed by the irrigated sub-region in the Northwest China (Ⅱ-2) and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River (region Ⅳ) 6.0 t/hm2,others were the lowest on average 5.3 t/hm2.In the nationwide,the optimal rates of N across all the 7 sub-regions were N 169 kg/hm2 on average and ranged from N 106 kg/hm2 in the Northeast China (Ⅰ) to N 184 kg/hm2 in the irrigated sub-region in the North China Plain (Ⅲ-1).The optimal rates of P were P2O5 77 kg/hm2 on average and ranged from P2O5 55 kg/hm2 in the southwest region (Ⅴ) to P2O5 88 kg/hm2 in the irrigated sub-region in the North China Plain (Ⅲ-1).The optimal rates of K were K2O 50 kg/hm2 on average and ranged from K2O 36 kg/hm2 in the rain-fed sub-region in the Northwest China (Ⅱ-1) to K2O 59 kg/hm2 in the rain-fed sub-region in the North China Plain (Ⅲ-2).Given variation in the optimal nutrient rates,climate,crop production and soil types among different agro-ecological regions,a total of 9 regional special fertilizer formulaes were designed for the 7 wheat sub-regions in China,including 7 formulae using a basal plus top-dressing fertilization approach and 2 formulae using only basal fertilization application. |
| Key words: wheat region sub-region of fertilization optimal nutrient rate fertilizer formula |
