| 摘要: |
| 沿黄荒漠绿洲区景观格局构建及优化对防治土地荒漠化、促进生态可持续发展具有重要意义。以磴口为研究区，分析2005—2020年磴口景观类型时空演变特征，结合最小累积阻力（MCR）模型、电路理论和水文分析法综合识别生态廊道和生态节点，利用重力模型和景观连接度指数判断生态廊道和生态节点重要性，构建磴口荒漠绿洲区景观格局并提出优化建议。结果表明：1）2005—2020年磴口主要植被景观中，耕地规模最大且持续扩张，草地呈先增加后减少趋势，林地则持续缩减；2）识别出重要草地生态源地8块，重要生态廊道99条和重要生态节点345个。以耕地和草地类型为主，均位于研究区中部和东南部；3）提取出需重点优化生态障碍点面积159.83 km2，需重点优化生态夹点面积81.18 km2，分别位于研究区西北部和中部区域；4）最后，从维持南部并扩大西北部生态源地规模、打通并优化重要林草生态廊道和生态节点、生态障碍点和生态夹点等多方面提出荒漠绿洲区景观格局优化建议。本研究可为荒漠绿洲区生态环境规划提供重要科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 生态廊道 生态节点 景观格局优化 MCR模型 空间主成分分析 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.05.13 |
| 投稿时间：2023-10-22 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2023YFF1304204）；国家重点研发中美合作项目（2019YFE0116500）；国家自然科学基金项目（42371291） |
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| Identification of ecological corridors and ecological nodes and optimization of landscape pattern in desert oasis area along the Yellow River：Taking Dengkou County as an example |
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XIE Chen1, ZHOU Jianyu1, JIANG Qun’ou1,2, XIAO Huijie1,2, XIN Zhiming3
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| (1.School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;2.Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation & Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;3.Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China) |
| Abstract: |
| The construction and optimization of landscape pattern is the basis to ensure the quality of regional landscape ecology. Dengkou County， as a typical area along the yellow desert oasis zone， it is of great significance to carry out the identification of ecological corridors and nodes and the optimization of landscape pattern in order to prevent land desertification and promote the sustainable development of ecology. Taking Dengkou as the study area， this study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of landscape types from 2005 to 2020. Then the ecological corridors and ecological nodes were identified by combining the minimum cumulative resistance （MCR） model， circuit theory and hydrological analysis method. In junction with gravity model and landscape connectivity index， the importance of ecological corridors and ecological nodes were judged as well. Finally， the landscape pattern of Dengkou desert oasis area was constructed and optimization suggestions were put forward based on the above methodology. The results showed that： 1） The area of arable land was largest and continued to expand from 2005 to 2020. The grassland showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing， while the woodland continued to decrease in the study period in Dengkou. 2） A total of 8 important grassland ecological sources were identified in the study area. There were 99 important ecological corridors and 345 important ecological nodes， which were mainly cultivated land and grassland types， and they were located in the middle and southeast of the study area. 3） An area of 159.83 km2 of ecological barrier points and 81.18 km2 of ecological pinch points for key optimization were identified， which were located in the north-western and central regions， respectively. 4） Finally， this study provided suggestions for the landscape pattern optimization in desert oasis area from the aspects of maintaining the south ecological source area and expanding the scale of ecological source areas in the northwest， connecting and optimizing important forest and grassland ecological corridors and ecological nodes， ecological barrier points and ecological pinch points. These conclusions provide important scientific basis for ecological environment planning in desert oasis areas. |
| Key words: ecological corridor ecological node landscape pattern optimization MCR model spatial principal component analysis |
