|
|
| |
|
|
| 本文已被：浏览 1168次 下载 815次 |
码上扫一扫！ |
| 山东省滨城区农田土壤重金属来源解析及评价 |
|
咏梅1, 张漫1, 王圣伟1,2, 刘刚1
|
|
|
| (1.中国农业大学 信息与电气工程学院/现代精细农业系统集成研究教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083;2.西北师范大学 计算机科学与工程学院, 兰州 730070) |
|
| 摘要: |
| 以山东省滨城区为研究对象, 对农田土壤重金属来源进行解析及评价。通过对表层土壤中7种重金属(Pb、Hg、Cu、Cd、Cr、As和Zn)及速效磷、速效钾进行主成分分析, 探讨研究区内土壤重金属形成原因, 并采用单因子指数和加权综合指数法对土壤环境质量进行评价。分析结果表明:研究区域内的土壤中7种重金属元素含量的平均值均未超过食用农产品产地环境质量标准, 部分样点中 Pb、Cd、Cu和As 总量超过背景值, 超出比例分别为38.3%、46.8%、42.6%和14.9%。主成分分析结果表明, 土壤中7种重金属的富集原因存在差异, 其中重金属Hg、Cd、Cr和As主要源于化肥、农药、有机肥的过量施用以及灌溉用水受污染;Pb、Cu和Zn主要源于粉尘及汽车轮胎磨损所产生有害气体中的重金属。单因子指数评价及加权综合指数评价结果表明, 重金属元素Hg的单因子污染指数达到轻度污染水平, 占总采样点个数的21.3%, 其余6种重金属元素均属于土壤环境质量评价分级标准中的"安全"等级;加权综合污染指数平均值为0.54, 表明研究区内土壤环境质量总体状况优良, 大部分地区处于"安全"等级。 |
| 关键词: 土壤 重金属 主成分分析 环境质量 评价 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2014.06.16 |
| 投稿时间：2014-02-17 |
| 基金项目:国家"863"计划项目(2011AA100704, 2011AA100703) |
|
| Farmland soil heavy metal source analysis and evaluation in Bincheng County of Shandong Province, China |
|
YONG Mei1, ZHANG Man1, WANG Sheng-wei1,2, LIU Gang1
|
| (1.College of Information and Electrical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;2.College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China) |
| Abstract: |
| An investigation on heavy metal content in agricultural producing area, i.e., Pb, Hg, Cu, Cd, Cr, As, and Zn in the Bincheng district, Shandong province, was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) for the source investigation of soil heavy metal.Single factor index method and weighted pollutant index method were used to evaluate the soil environment quality.The results showed that, the average content of Pb, Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, As and Zn in the farmland soil were lower than the environmental quality standard of edible agricultural products, but the total amount of Pb, Cd, Cu and As in some sampling area were higher than the background value of study area, and the ratio was 38.3%、46.8%、42.6% and 14.9% respectively.The coefficient of variation indicated that Hg, Cd and Cu have higher coefficient of variation, which mean these heavy metals in the soil were affected by human activity (e.g., overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, industrial and municipal discharges, animal wastes, sewage irrigation, etc.).Other heavy metals' coefficients of variation were lower than 30%, defined as weak variation.The PCA performed on seven heavy metals, soil nutrient available P and available N identified three principal components, which controlled their variability in agricultural soils.Available P, Hg, Cd, Cr, as were in PC1, were caused by chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, the unreasonable use of pesticides and sewage irrigation.Heavy metal Pb, Cu, and Zn (PC2) were related to a large number of harmful gas and dust emitted from vehicle and automobile tire wear.Available K was in PC3 could be considered as a natural component, reflecting soil parent material and texture information.The effect of heavy metals in the soils was greatly affected by soil formation, atmospheric deposition, and human activities.These findings provided essential information on the possible sources of heavy metals, which would contribute to the monitoring and assessment process of agricultural soils in worldwide regions.In correlation analysis, anthropogenic metals were significantly correlated.While soil organic matter was comparatively loosely correlated with the soil heavy metals in the study area which confirmed results obtained from PCA.Furthermore, the evaluation of soil environmental quality was conducted and the results suggested that the single factor index of soil heavy metal Hg reached the light pollution levels.The pollutant area occupied 21.3% of whole study area.The other 6 soil heavy metals all in the safe level of soil environmental quality assessment classification standard;the average amount of weighted pollutant index was 0.54, which was lower than 1, means the total situation of the soil environmental quality was in a good condition, and most of the region was in safe level.Since the soil heavy metal Hg in study area present higher coefficient of variation and even higher single factor index, it is necessary to control the automobile tires and exhaust emissions that contains high amount of heavy metals to reduce the accumulation of soil heavy metals. |
| Key words: soil heavy metal principal component analysis environmental quality evaluation |
|
|
|
|
|
