| 摘要: |
| 建立有区域特色的节水农作制度,将工程节水技术、农艺节水技术、生物节水技术和管理节水技术进行有机结合与集成,提高节水农业的综合效益,是当前国内外节水农业发展的普遍趋势。本研究重点对节水农作制度的概念、基本特征、研究框架等进行了探讨,总结分析了国外节水农作制度发展的模式、技术、政策及其效果。在此基础上,结合我国节水农作制度发展的趋势和问题,提出了我国节水农作制度发展的重点方向,包括:1)从区域多样化出发,构建区域节水型和适水型的农业生产结构;2)加强节水技术标准规范化、技术模式多样化及区域性的综合节水农作制配套技术体系等关键技术研究;3)进一步深化缺水条件下作物需耗水量特征及节水优化灌溉指标体系与模式研究以及区域主导性节水优化种植模式评价与筛选等共性理论问题研究;4)加强研究农民参与的旱作节水技术推广模式,建立相应的管理制度和政策支持措施,制定区域节水农作制度预案。 |
| 关键词: 节水农作制度 内涵 农业生产结构 技术体系 优化种植模式 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2010.03.014 |
| 投稿时间：2009-10-20 |
| 基金项目:引进国际先进农业科学技术项目(948)(2006-G52);2008年公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803028)第一作者:李玉义,助理研究员,博士,主要从事节水农作制度研究,E-mail:yuyili@caas.ac.cn通讯作者:逄焕成,研究员,博士,主要从事农作制度与农田生态环境研究,E-mail:hcpang@caas.ac.cn |
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| Developing trends of water-saving farming system in China |
|
LI Yu-yi, PANG Huan-cheng, WANG Jing, REN Tian-zhi
|
| (Institute of Agro-resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China) |
| Abstract: |
| Modern water-saving farming system is generally included constructing water-saving farming system on a regional scale,organically combining project,cultivation,biology and management measures together and then improving comprehensive water efficiency of agriculture.This paper discussed the definition,characteristics and research framework of water-saving farming system,and analyzed internationally advanced modes,techniques,policies and application effectiveness in the research and application of water-saving farming system.Based upon the development and problems of water-saving farming in China,we put forward the focal point and contents for the research of the water-saving farming system in China,1) To establish the water-saving and water-adapting agricultural production structure suitable to Chinese conditions.2) To study the key technologies including water-saving technology standardization,mode diversification and integrated technical systems for different regions in China.3) To strengthen the general theories of water-saving farming system including crop water consumption characteristic,optimal irrigation index and modes under the water shortage,and the evaluation and selection of optimal cropping patterns.4) To strengthen technology extension and guarantee mechanism of water-saving farming system including farmer participatory water-saving technology extension modes,the construction of management regulations and policy supporting measures,and the establishment of regional preparedness plans of water-saving farming system. |
| Key words: water-saving farming system implication agricultural production structure technical systems optimal cropping patterns |
