| 摘要: |
| 基于湖南、北京两地19年的长期定位施肥试验,开展了不同土壤类型下不同施肥处理对土壤养分、小麦产量及产量构成因素影响的比较研究。结果表明:在褐潮土和红壤2种不同土壤类型上,有机无机均衡施肥(NPKM)均能够明显提高土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷和速效钾含量,而长期不均衡施用无机肥土壤中N、P、K养分在2种土壤上则表现出较低的水平,尤以红壤上降低最为明显。有机无机肥配施能够显著提高小麦产量,与对照处理(CK)相比,在红壤上增产788.32%,对产量形成的贡献率为88.74%;在褐潮土上增产828.05%,对产量形成的贡献率为89.22%。在2种土壤类型上无机均衡施肥(NPK)小麦产量差异比较明显,在褐潮土上的增产潜力高于红壤,而不施P的NK处理小麦则有不同程度的减产:在褐潮土上减产15.86%,在红壤上则绝产。研究同时发现,在2种土壤上小麦增产途径有所不同,在褐潮土上应以增施磷肥和提高小麦的单位面积穗数为主,而红壤则以增施有机肥和提高小麦的穗粒数为主。 |
| 关键词: 小麦 褐潮土 红壤 长期施肥 产量构成因素 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2010.03.004 |
| 投稿时间：2009-11-30 |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD25B03); 国家"973"计划项目(2005CB121102); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2009-20)第一作者:董鲁浩,硕士研究生,E-mail:dongluhao89@163.com通讯作者:孙庆泉,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事作物生理生态和种子科学研究,E-mail:qqsun18@163.com李玉义,助理研究员,博士,主要从事农田生态过程调控与节水农作制度研究,E-mail:yuyili@caas.ac.cn |
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| Comparison of the effect of long-term fertilizer application onsoil nutrients and wheat yield under different soil types |
|
DONG Lu-hao1,2, LI Yu-yi2, PANG Huan-cheng2, SUN Qing-quan1
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| (1.National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China;2.Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on results from 19-year long-term fertilization experiments in Beijing and Hunan,the effect of different fertilization applications on soil nutrients,wheat yield and yield components under different soil types was studied.The results showed that organic and inorganic fertilizer application significantly increased soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium.Meanwhile,disproportion in chemical fertilize application has led to lower soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,which was relatively evident in red soil.Organic and inorganic fertilizer application can also increase wheat yield by 788.32% in the red soil and 828.05% in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil and the fertilizer contribution was respectively 88.74% in the red soil and 89.22% in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil.The NPK treatment led to significant wheat yield difference in two soil types,and the yield increasing potential in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil was higher than that in red soil.However,the NK treatment caused wheat yield loss,with a 15.86% reduction in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil and no yields in the red soil.Based on the results,two ways were found to increase wheat yield under different soil types.The first way is that application of phosphorus fertilizer and increase the number of wheat spike of P fertilizer and increase the number of wheat spike will improve wheat yield in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil;The other way is that application of organic fertilizer and increase the number of grains per spike of wheat will improve wheat yield in the red soil. |
| Key words: wheat Drab Fluvo-aquic soil red soil long-term fertilizer yield component |
